The evolution of effective altruism

(economist.com)

46 points | by bazzmt 8 hours ago

21 comments

  • wodow 1 hour ago

    I was surprised by the weakness of this article, regardless the potential absurdities of parts of EA.

    Why does The Economist consider this the most important issue this week, in a world of complex problems, to splash its first leader on (and more than one page long too)?

    • abhis3798 18 minutes ago
      • PoignardAzur 1 hour ago

        > There is an elusive quality to effective altruism. The movement is tiny, with an informal membership probably in the tens of thousands, many of whom claim to be only “EA adjacent”.

        Oof, that one hit close to home.

        • mcv 7 minutes ago

          I've been scratching my head a bit lately about what EA seems to have turned into.

          Originally, the idea seemed to be simply to spend your money to do the most effective good. Don't spend it on "charities" where most of it ends up in the pockets of their executives, don't spend it on issues that don't really accomplish much, etc. Their initial priorities seemed pretty decent. GiveWell type stuff.

          But nowadays it seems to be completely corrupted by all that TESCREAL crap (Transhumanism, Extropianism, Singularitarianism, Cosmism, Rationalism, Effective Altruism, Longtermism). Most of those make no sense or seem to be utterly irrelevant to the goals of EA. The one that seems to try is Longtermism, but the notion that the needs of non-existant people in a possible distant future we know nothing about, somehow outranks the needs of real people today, is utterly absurd.

          I thought that was just a bunch of weirdos or corrupt rich people trying to leverage EA as PR for not actually having to do anything for real people. But it turns out that EA pioneers like Ord and MacAskill are also on board with that nonsense. The 80,000 hours jobs list is now all about AI. The whole thing seems to be just a massive grift with no redeemable value.

          Is there still some angle from which EA makes sense? Was it always pure grift? Or did the founders get corrupted by proximity to too many billionaires?

          • williamcotton 2 hours ago

            Will MacAskill responds to our cover story on effective altruism

            https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2026/10/04/will-maca...

            • dang 1 hour ago

              Added above. Thanks!

            • giacomoforte 2 hours ago

              I do not think you can call it a social movement because it does not have any significant mass of people behind it and by its nature, never will.

              • barbazoo 1 hour ago

                Maybe if you consider the wealth of the in group vs out group. It makes more sense to me that way. Scary how few people it might need to keep the world from moving forward.

                • bawolff 2 hours ago

                  Social movements come in all sizes. Its a bunch of people who all agree on something. That is a social movement.

                  • giacomoforte 1 hour ago

                    You can call it a subculture or philosophy or movement, but social movement to me implies something with broad appeal.

                    • __MatrixMan__ 13 minutes ago

                      Agreed. If society is unmoved, it wasn't a social movement.

                  • dleslie 2 hours ago

                    It is a social movement of note and importance because of the power wielded by its adherents.

                    • bayarearefugee 1 hour ago

                      > It is a social movement of note and importance because of the power wielded by its adherents.

                      We should tax the shit out of them, if only to reduce the unelected power their wealth buys.

                      Just like we should tax the shit out of the non-EA ultra wealthy.

                      We can have a democratic society or we can have the concentration of great wealth in the hands of a few. We cannot have both.

                      • dleslie 55 minutes ago

                        I strongly agree, but I don't think the USA is capable of doing that. That sort of socialist communitarianism is at odds with the objectivist individualism that they commonly valorize, and underpins most of their heroic stories.

                    • mohamedkoubaa 1 hour ago

                      A better term would be an 'order'

                      • xg15 45 minutes ago

                        How about "conspiracy" then?

                        • EA-3167 2 hours ago

                          It’s another bubble that a handful of people invented for themselves to insulate them from the reality of the effect on the world. It’s one of the most genuinely pathetic “movements” I’ve ever seen.

                        • smitty1e 44 minutes ago

                          If this is "conquered the world", one wonders what The Economist thinks defeat would resemble.

                          • mohamedkoubaa 1 hour ago

                            There was modest farmland in Iraq managed by a trust for about 400 years that paid for the wedding dresses for all women in the nearby town. The colonial administrators found this ineffective and dismantled the trust fund and privatized the land.

                            There is something to be said about how we sometimes fail to account for the effectiveness of ineffective altruism.

                            • SpicyLemonZest 1 hour ago

                              When people talk about ineffective altruism, they're generally talking about organizations like the American Heart Association, which spends over half of annual donations on payroll (https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/135...). I don't think many people in the effective altruist movement would complain about a targeted trust that successfully and reliably achieves some niche goal.

                              • UncleMeat 43 minutes ago

                                Imagine you have a charitable organization that receives funds and then pays its staff of doctors to provide free treatment to the poor. All of their donations would be spent on payroll and overhead. But this would not demonstrate that the organization is wasteful.

                                • SpicyLemonZest 28 minutes ago

                                  While that's true, the AHA does not perform medical treatments or have an in-house research lab.

                                  If someone's really passionate about putting up healthy living posters and shifting the cost of CPR education from healthcare providers, more power to them! But my guess is that most AHA donors don't know or ask what exactly their donations are accomplishing.

                                  • jefftk 18 minutes ago

                                    A lot of what the AHA does runs via payroll: advocacy, training, writing guidelines, etc. The implication of "payroll" is that the money is all going to administration, but their programs involve a lot of staff time.

                                    (I have a generally EA view of the world and I don't think the AHA is an especially valuable donation opportunity.)

                                    • SpicyLemonZest 10 minutes ago

                                      That's fair. I personally was a bit put out when I discovered this, I had assumed most of the donations were going to research, but advocacy and training have some value and I could believe that other people fully expect that's what the AHA does.

                                • mohamedkoubaa 46 minutes ago

                                  When effective altruists talk about ineffective altruism, they talk about AHA. When I talk about ineffective altruism, I talk about things like a targeted trust.

                                  It's the EA people who generalize from AHA to make grand ethical claims that lead to absurdity.

                              • doctoboggan 2 hours ago

                                Interesting, I wasn't aware that EA had made it into the American culture wars. There will be a ton of grist for the conspiracy mills with all the sex cults, murders, and high power democratic donations. Can't see it going well for the EA crowd, or democrats.

                                • oulipo 1 hour ago

                                  I've always been wary of effective altruism. Anything that geek and people want to "optimize out" by engineering has a risk of just being a "let's ride very fast towards that wall" kind of venture

                                  • Angostura 12 minutes ago

                                    What about if it were called 'evidence-based altruism'?

                                  • s1artibartfast 1 hour ago

                                    I'm always curious why effective altruists attract so much sneer and disdain when the topic comes up.

                                    My best they are just people trying to donate money to effective charities like mosquito nets in Africa. At worst, some might be wasting their money on animal welfare or AI safety. This doesn't seem like enough to fuel the kind of backlash I see.

                                    • compiler-guy 1 hour ago

                                      I can't speak to anyone else's sneers and disdain, but mine come from all the motivated reasoning surrounding them. One example:

                                      'The Effective Ventures Foundation (EVF), which defines effective altruism as “using evidence and reason to figure out how to benefit others as much as possible”, decided £14.9m of its cash would be best spent buying Wytham Abbey, a 15th-century Grade-I listed manor house near Oxford.'

                                      There were a lot of explanations about why that was the most effective use of funds, but every single one reads like motivated reasoning to me.

                                      Examples like this abound.

                                      • cowthulhu 1 hour ago

                                        I think it's got two components - first, people don't actually understand the tenants of mainstream EA. For instance, some people think that one of the core principles of EA is "make as much money as possible at any cost", which is incorrect.

                                        Second, EA is a small movement with an above average amount of crazy people (IE someone who does think you should make as much money as possible at any cost), who then basically monopolize the media attention. This then feeds into the first component.

                                        EA is in a fairly bad spot where nobody seems to be really attempting to understand it or meaningfully engage with it's ideas, instead just parroting the same few talking points (SBF anyone?)

                                        • cjpearson 54 minutes ago

                                          That's how I understand it: a movement encouraging people to donate their wealth to good causes which save and improve lives.

                                          However, there's some who predict an existential future risk such as an AI apocalypse. If that's the case, why save a child's life today when we'll all be killed by AI tomorrow? Critics would call this funding pet projects rather than altruism.

                                          But you can even further down this line of thinking. If you're a billionaire and see yourself as the only hope of saving humanity from extinction, why donate any of your wealth? You should be doing the opposite, gathering as much wealth and power as possible. Taxes and laws that get in your way are impediments to the salvation of humanity.

                                          I'm pretty sure most of the criticism is for folks in the latter groups. I wish there were different words to distinguish them better, because I like the idea of encouraging charity but somehow a handful of billionaires have poisoned the word altruism.

                                          • Marazan 33 minutes ago

                                            It's because of the gap in what they say and what they do.

                                            • jefftk 14 minutes ago

                                              EAs have the lowest distance between what they think is the right thing to do and what they actually do of any group I've met.

                                              (I donate 50%, and quit a high-paying tech job to work at a biosecurity nonprofit)

                                            • api 1 hour ago

                                              It’s one of those things that sounds fantastic on the surface. Then you dig.

                                              • charcircuit 46 minutes ago

                                                In short it is because they have influence. There is a difference between sending $1 to Africa instead of America and sending millions. There is a difference between an AI safety researcher fantasizing about AI hacking everything on the planet and their AI models telling me I can't look for bugs in my code.

                                                • watwut 1 hour ago

                                                  Cause they produced Dam Bankman Friedman and people like him.

                                                  Cause somehow their idea of best altruism ends up amounting to "earn as much money and power with little regard to how, because so that you can use them for good in the future in a very top down way".

                                                  Effectively, it is very swlf serving.

                                                  • Joeboy 1 hour ago

                                                    I think a possible explanation is, they support billionaires giving away money. So you get a rare alignment of people who'd rather see poor people die than see support for billionaires, and people who'd rather see poor people die than see billionaires have fewer superyachts. United they're a powerful force.

                                                    Edit: Also weird nerds.

                                                    • gentoo 47 minutes ago

                                                      > people who'd rather see poor people die than see support for billionaires

                                                      Can you give an example of this kind of person?

                                                      • Joeboy 36 minutes ago

                                                        It's a fairly common talking point that EA is bad because it's too friendly with billionaires. I admit I would struggle to find an example of somebody openly celebrating preventable deaths of poor people, but the large numbers of lives saved by EA-funded interventions don't generally figure in these people's calculus.

                                                  • PoignardAzur 10 minutes ago

                                                    I'm pleasantly surprised how kind and charitable this article ends up being. I'm really used to shortcuts being used to ridicule EAs ("look, these morons think shrimps are an important problem!"), so I'm happy the article takes the time to present the object-level arguments (e.g. yes, it's kind of fucked up we torture tens of billions of small animals per year in ways that would make most people physically recoil if they had to look at it, just to produce a luxury good. Watch the Dominion documentary!).

                                                    I know I'm already late to the party and HN's libertarian techno-optimism means that lots of people have already made up their mind about EAs, but still, I'd like to make my case.

                                                    I've mets dozens of EAs in person and gone a few events with hundreds of them. All of them weren't billionaires and AFAICT most of them didn't especially hope to be millionaires. A lot of them were broke students, though obviously a lot also had comfortable tech jobs.

                                                    What they had in common was that they were the most driven, idealistic people I've ever met. All of them cared about something, whether it was animal welfare, climate change, global poverty or AI x-risk. They talked about these things not the way people talk on the internet, when they're trying to win an argument, they talked about them like they have stakes and making the right decision will impact lives.

                                                    Every step of my journey to becoming flexitarian, then vegetarian, then vegan-ish, has been spurred by an effective altruist talking to me about the moral outrage that is factory farming, and that it was something that mattered and that we can and must do something about.

                                                    Yes, the cults and sexual oppenness and all the problems that plague groups dominated by autistic white men all exist, yes SBF exists and Effective Altruism gave him way too much of a platform, yes, they bought a castle that one time, but these things shouldn't be treated as the only things worth knowing about a movement, the same way one shouldn't denounce feminism forever because [insert stupid thing some high-profile feminist did that one time]. No reformist movement looks good when presented through the lens of its detractors.

                                                    EA is a group of people that spend the lots of their time encouraging each other to do more, to believe that actions matter and every life has value. They're eager and seriously, they take abstract ideas seriously and consider their consequences and when it's uncomfortable or weird, and that makes them the target of ridicule (because people don't like their conclusions, and because like to take overly eager people down a notch).

                                                    So I'm really happy the Economist refrained from taking those cheap shots.

                                                    • ChrisMarshallNY 7 minutes ago

                                                      I've never had an opinion on EA, and have never run into one, in the wild.

                                                      However, what you have described, is pretty much exactly the organization that I've been involved in, my entire adult life.

                                                      I won't mention it, here, as we maintain personal anonymity at the level of press, radio, and film.

                                                    • rvz 1 hour ago

                                                      EA is a dynamic saviour complex cult that is devoid of reality and gave birth to the FTX fraud.

                                                      The whole concept of it is a scam.

                                                      • drywater2 1 hour ago

                                                        EA sounds like an excuse for billionaires to continue being the opposite of altruist.

                                                        • furyofantares 1 hour ago

                                                          We will use our big brains to draw bold conclusions about the most effective use of money, without the burden of conventional wisdom.

                                                          For our first bold conclusion we have determined that all of the world's money should be in the hands of people with big brains who intend to draw bold conclusions about the most effective use of money, without the burden of conventional wisdom.

                                                          This concludes the planning phase. There will be an additional planning phase once we've collected all of the money, we promise.

                                                          • jefftk 11 minutes ago

                                                            Very few billionaires are EAs. A few more have a generally EA approach to their giving. But billionaires are generally not that keen on EA because it would involve donating almost all their money.

                                                            • cogman10 1 hour ago

                                                              That's the take away I get. It's a philosophical justification to being as greedy and heartless as possible because in the future the money you got from burning down the world could potentially be used to reverse that damage.

                                                              • TZubiri 1 hour ago

                                                                "Can I have a dollar mister?"

                                                                "Sorry I can't it's unethical to give more to you just because you are closer to me, I need to do some excel sheets and maximize my mosquito net donations to africa."

                                                                • AnimalMuppet 1 hour ago

                                                                  They define "altruism" as "don't actually do anything about the problems of today, so that you can do more about them tomorrow". But does tomorrow ever come?

                                                                  Bluntly, I trust Jesus more than them. And in Luke 16:10, Jesus said, "One who is faithful in a very little is also faithful in much, and one who is dishonest in a very little is also dishonest in much."

                                                                • First time hearing the term. I dont know about conquering the world.

                                                                  • dang 1 hour ago

                                                                    I've unconquered the title above and replaced it with something bland. Hopefully that will reduce the rush to inflammation in the thread.

                                                                  • Barrin92 1 hour ago

                                                                    Much of the world will be surprised to hear that they have been conquered by effective altruism. Seriously what kind of spheres does the person live in who wrote that article? I think they need to hire some people who spend less time in online blogs and on twitter and more time idk, traveling to China or India

                                                                  • cyanydeez 2 hours ago

                                                                    Just a magical mental gymnastics for someone who got the message that greed is bad, but wanted to continue being greedy.

                                                                    • karim79 2 hours ago

                                                                      The title alone is comical. "Here are ten reasons to continue to be greedy...".

                                                                      • SpicyLemonZest 1 hour ago

                                                                        You might benefit from thinking critically about who and what you consider to be greedy. If you don't, it's easy to be tricked by various kinds of shell games, where certain kinds of work are never considered "greedy" or certain kinds of charity make the donor appear disproportionately generous. One game that's become pretty well known is how many "donations" to well-funded schools are in fact admissions payments for wealthy kids.

                                                                        • seu 2 hours ago

                                                                          probably the best description of EA that I've read so far.

                                                                          • bawolff 1 hour ago

                                                                            Meh, they have some beliefs i disagree with, but ultimately they are spending money on things like feeding the hungry.

                                                                            I feel like there is this weird thing where people will criticize people who do charity work in not quite the right way (from the criticizers perspective), but are totally fine with people who just use their money to buy a yacht.

                                                                            I'd much rather have people spend their money on feeding the hungry, even imperfectly then spending it on other pursuits.

                                                                            I sometimes wonder what the critics of EA are doing to eradicate the ills of the world or even their local community. Is it more than what EA is doing? If not, i'd say those in glass houses should be wary of throwing stones.

                                                                            • kylestanfield 1 hour ago

                                                                              This is a motte and bailey fallacy. I don’t think many people take issue with feeding the hungry. However the longtermist sect and their idea that enriching yourself as much as people so you can do more good later leads to the actual controversial actions especially when taken to its logical extremes. And the AI fanaticism got mixed in there somehow.

                                                                              • AnimalMuppet 1 hour ago

                                                                                > Meh, they have some beliefs i disagree with, but ultimately they are spending money on things like feeding the hungry.

                                                                                Are they? To what degree are they? And to what degree are they not helping the hungry today, in order to amass more money so that they can in theory help the hungry more tomorrow?

                                                                                I can respect someone like Bill Gates. He hasn't been perfect, not by a long shot, but he's put real money into really trying to help real problems. What's the track record of the effective altruists? (Genuine question - I haven't researched them enough to know.)

                                                                              • s1artibartfast 1 hour ago

                                                                                Genuinely curious why you feel that way?

                                                                                • cyanydeez 1 hour ago

                                                                                  First, you can read about Sam Bankman-Fried; then you can say "oh, he's not _real_ effective altrusim...and do your backflips.

                                                                                  • s1artibartfast 1 hour ago

                                                                                    But that is one human, and not a very honest one.

                                                                                    Is that the standard you hold everything to?

                                                                                    • AnimalMuppet 1 hour ago

                                                                                      Show us the counterexample, then. Preferably more than one. Someone who wears the EA label, and actually does things to help with real problems.

                                                                                      • s1artibartfast 14 minutes ago

                                                                                        I'm not really an expert on EA. I just want to understand the public sentiment because it is increasingly part of the political moment, to the point the president is tweeting about it and running a PR campaign against them.

                                                                                        According to AI, the biggest EA charity is GiveWell, which spends about 600 million per year. 95% of the money on low-cost high-impact global health programs like mosquito Nets and vitamins for children.

                                                                                        There is also open philanthropy, which gives about 500 million per year to Global Health, Existential Risks, and then Animal Welfare in that order.

                                                                              • PunchyHamster 2 hours ago

                                                                                Calling it "most important movement" is like calling national socialism "most important movement", just because it made history doesn't make it good

                                                                                • doctoboggan 2 hours ago

                                                                                  You are conflating "important" with "good", which I don't think the author was intending.

                                                                                  • jebarker 1 hour ago

                                                                                    e.g. climate change will likely be very important in the coming century

                                                                                • hypfer 1 hour ago

                                                                                  > The movement’s long-standing fears of an AI catastrophe make it a villain in the eyes of the Trump administration. “Americanism, not effective altruism,” is the Department of War’s attack line. The president’s allies are going after Dario Amodei, Anthropic’s chief executive, as a representative of effective altruism.

                                                                                  I'd wager that it's simply the government wanting absolute power (as it should) and going after misaligned oligarchs.

                                                                                  So, effectively, power struggles in circles beyond our reach.

                                                                                  Arguably a good thing that the government would eventually try to claw back power there, given that in theory, it's democratically elected and all.

                                                                                  • SillyUsername 1 hour ago

                                                                                    The purpose of the government is to serve the people, not "absolute power", unless you enjoy kings and fiefdoms.

                                                                                    • hypfer 1 hour ago

                                                                                      Yes, and how does it do that if random people without a democratic mandate can just hold power over some important resource to the point where they steer society itself?

                                                                                      That's what is meant by "absolute power"

                                                                                    • AnimalMuppet 1 hour ago

                                                                                      No, in a system of limited government, the government should not want absolute power. If it wants it, it should absolutely not get it.

                                                                                      Mind you, I don't want the effective altruists to have the kind of power they seem to want, either...

                                                                                    • holaysuns 35 minutes ago

                                                                                      People need to learn to disassociate the 'cultural movement' from the ideology.

                                                                                      Read what Chomsky has to say about postmodernism.

                                                                                      Look at the evolution of 'String Theory'. Thousands of PhDs minted in something that likely has no relevance to anything. String Theory could not have achieved prominence merely as an idea - it only rose to the fore because it was a 'movement' - with all of the supporting accoutrements. It only has an arcane value, not as a leading premise. The 'movement' pushed it to the fore.

                                                                                      Look at Scientology / Dianetics (that one is pretty hard).

                                                                                      'Movements' are almost always about the 'Movement', and the ideology often seems to take a back seat.

                                                                                      The 'Movement' is something almost nominal to rally around, that helps create a 'form' for a loose consensus.

                                                                                      It inspires some people to act as though they are doing something for a 'greater good' (whether they are or not), and for leaders to dereference their apparent authority towards that greater ideal.

                                                                                      Imagine if all of these 'ideas' were just left as 'ideas' or maybe 'ideals' and that's that - and there were no groups, meetups, nobody really publicly 'aligned' with them or signalled their participation.

                                                                                      Then we'd have a better notion of what these ideas really are.

                                                                                      But in reality, these systems are 'social movements', groupings, ways for people to signal their special merit or alignment.

                                                                                      It's social politics. Red v Blue. Bloods v Crips. Insiders v Outsiders. Specials v Normies. Nobility v Plebes. Citizens v Slaves.

                                                                                      It gets problematic when the groups get power, people believe in their own gibberish, people place all of their faith in group leaders even when actions by the group defy the nature of the movement itself.

                                                                                      "We're breaking the rules of finance and stealing from people because 'we're the good guys', right? Everything we do is in the name of ... 'good' ... so we can do pretty much anything". is the story of FTX.

                                                                                      Look at it first through the lens of the social organization, then separately through the lens of ideals.

                                                                                      • fwlr 1 hour ago

                                                                                        What’s that thing pg said about a submarine? Somebody’s got a dossier of all the weirdest things about effective altruism they can find (not that it’s in short supply), and they’re out there convincing reporters who need to run articles about AI that this is the ideology of the AI guys, and wouldn’t your readers like to know all the lurid details?

                                                                                        While it’s probably something prosaic as “Anthropic pays the most lip service to EA, this makes them look bad” or “Our employees are leaning EA and it’s causing problems, things would be easier if they were too embarrassed to admit they were EA”, I do wonder - the board member who instigated the firing of Sam Altman from OpenAI does happen to be a long-time effective altruist…